2004年印度洋海啸印尼亚齐省灾情遥感监测与分析

Monitoring and Analysis of 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster in Aceh Province, Indonesia Based on Remote Sensing

2004年12月底印尼苏门答腊岛西北海岸发生里氏9.0级地震,引发印度洋沿岸的印尼、斯里兰卡、泰国、印度等国家先后遭受强烈海啸。印度尼西亚亚齐省是遭受海啸灾害最严重的地区之一。为了评估海啸灾害造成的严重影响,应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,以2005-01-07英国DMC小卫星遥感影像为基础数据源,结合收集到的该地区灾前(2001年)LandsatETM+遥感影像,对亚齐省进行了监测和快速评估。监测结果表明距离震中位置较近的亚齐省苏门答腊岛西海岸遭受影响较严重,亚齐省苏门答腊岛西海岸由于距离震中位置较近遭受严重影响,而苏门答腊岛东海岸则影响较轻,受灾最严重的地区是亚齐省首府班达亚齐市附近。经统计,整个亚齐省遭受海啸严重影响的地区面积约为483km2,其中城市建成区受淹面积约为26·2km2,乡村(镇)地区受淹面积约为430·5km2。文章的最后还结合数字高程模型对海啸灾情的结果进行了分析。结果表明,绝大多数因海啸而受淹地区高程低于20m。

A huge magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred besides western coast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia on December 26, 2004. The earthquake created the huge tsunami in many countries along Indian Ocean, such as Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India and so on. Tsunami disaster damage in Banda Arch province of Indonesia is one of most serious events in the world. In order to assess the tsunami disaster damage, a scene of Disaster Monitoring Consortium (DMC) satellite image received on January 7, 2005, after the catastrophe, and several Landsat7 ETM+ images received before earthquake were collected. Based on Remote Sensing and GIS technology, the tsunami disaster monitoring and quick assessment have been carried out. The result shows that the western coast of Sumatra Island in Arch province, near earthquake center, suffered more seriously from tsunami disaster, and the eastern coast damage is insignificantly. In the whole Arch province, the loss of Banda Arch city, capital of Arch, is most serious. About 483 square kilometers area had been flooded due to tsunami in western coast of Sumatra island of Arch province, including 26 square kilometers urban building area, 430 square kilometers rural area and 27 square kilometers water area, such as wetland, lake and pond. In the end, Digital Elevation Model(DEM) is used to analyze the relation between terrain and tsunami destruction. The result shows that the elevation of flooded area due to tsunami, in general, is below 20 meters.