评法兰克福学派的科学技术意识形态观

The Discussion on Science and Technology Ideology of Frankfurt School

法兰克福学派认为科学技术存在悖论:一方面,科学技术造就了现代文明;另一方面,科学技术作为一种意识形态已成为资本主义统治合法性的重要凭据。马尔库塞认为,科学技术因其“中立性”而具有某种“合法性”,消除这种“合法性”的办法只能是摧毁工具理性;而哈贝马斯则认为这不具有可行性,提出以“交往行动”取代工具理性。但从中国现实来看,真正科学的态度应是人文精神与工具理性的协调共存,发挥科学技术有利于社会的一面,消解其不利影响。

The Frankfurt school held the view that there was a paradox in science and technology.On one hand,science and technology had brought up modern civilization;on the other hand,science and technology had got to the significant proof of the legitimacy of the capitalist government.Marcuse thought that science and technology gained the legitimacy from its neutrality,and the way of wiping out the legitimacy is only to destroy the instrumental rationality.While Habemas considered it as unfeasible,and he proposed to take the place of instrumental rationality with Communicative Behavior Theory.However,given the reality of China,the truly scientific attitude is improving the beneficial aspect of Science and Institute to society and eradicate the disadvantageous aspect by the hamonous co-existence of humane spirit and instrumental rationality.