关中九大灌区农业水价与农户承载力调查研究

Investigation of Agricultural Water Price and Farmer's Bearing Capacity in Guanzhong Nine Irrigation Districts

对陕西关中九大灌区800户农户连续5年进行入户调查,内容包括农业水费支出、各种生产资料投入与农业产出与收入等.对水费占总生产成本比例、占农业毛收入比例及占农业净收入比例进行了分析,结果表明目前陕西关中九大灌区单位面积水费占毛收入比例在5.12～9.63之间变动,占总生产成本比例在13.14～19.44之间变动.对农户支付能力进行了进一步分析,结果显示各灌区人均水费占人均净农业收入比例在9.22%～17.06%之间变动,人均水费占人均总净收入比例在3.83%～8.15%之间变动,表明陕西关中九大灌区水费虽高于国内平均水平,但尚在合理范畴之内,某些灌区尚有一定的升值空间.最后提出提高农户水价承受能力的几点对策.

The investigation for 800 farmer's families in Guanzhong Nine Irrigation Districts (GNID) have been continued for 5 years. The survey contents include as expenditure of agricultural water fee, each production input and agricultural output and incomes and so on. The proportions of water fee accounted for gross production cost, agricultural gross incomes and agricultural net incomes have been analyzed respectively. The results have been indicated that the proportions of water fee accounted for the gross incomes of unit irrigation area is changed between 5.12 to 9.63, accounted for the gross production cost is changed from 13.14 to 19.44 in GNID of Shanxi at present. By more analysis for the farmer's bearing capacity, the results have been indicated that the proportions of the water fee per capital accounted for net agricultural income per capital is changed between 9.22% to 17.06%, and accounted for gross net incomes per capital is changed from 3.83% to 8.15%. Those results have indicate that although the water fee in GNID of Shanxi is high than the national mean value, but still belong in reasonable category, some IDs still have certain of increasing space. Finally put forward several countermeasures for improving the farmer's bearing capacity of the water price.