“彩色”的语义指向及与其他颜色词的语义关系——由小学语文课本中的一例引发的思考

To Investigate the Meaning of "Multicolor" in Modern Chinese——Thinking originated from one instance in a primary school Chinese textbook

关于“颜色词”的论文很多,但是人们往往忽视了其中一个重要的成员———“彩色”。文章由小学语文课本中的一例引发思考,对现代汉语中“彩色”词义进行考察。发现其在句子中的语义指向比较复杂,文章主要从前指、后指与兼指,显指与潜指,内指与外指三个方面分析其具体情况;同时,分析了“彩色”与其他颜色词的四种语义关系:同位关系、整体与部分关系、反义关系(主要是与非彩色系中的颜色)以及上下位关系(与多个单一颜色所表示的具体彩色)。

There are a lot of theses about 'color words', but people have often ignored an important member among them ——'multicolor'.With thinking originated from one instance in a primary school Chinese textbook, this article aims at investigating the meaning of ' multicolor ' in modern Chinese. It is found that multicolor's semantic direction in the sentences is very complicated. This text analyses its concrete conditions from three angles mainly: predirectional, postdirectional and both; obvious directional and potential directional; and indirectional and exdirectional. Meanwhile,this article also analyses four kinds of semantic relationship between ' multicolor ' and other color words:the coordinate relations, the holonym and meronym relations,antonym (with the color in uncolored series mainly) and hypernym and hyponym relations (with specific multicolor showed by several other color words altogether) .