家园的跨民族译本:论“后”时代的飞散视角

Home in Trans-l(n)ation:Diasporic Perspective in the"Post-"Era

"飞散"(diaspora)是个古词,近几十年来,随着文化、文学理论和文学创作的发展,古词获得许多新义.本文从这个词的演变开始,探讨后殖民、后结构、后现代的时代(简称"后"时代)的飞散视角及其主要语义,尤其是飞散在美学判断和文化判断上引起的一些变化.文章引用本雅明、巴巴、克利弗德、赫德、德利克、弗洛伊德等人的若干概念,扼要分析了采取飞散视角的新文学作品(如杜拉斯、纳博科夫、莫里森、拉什迪、努奈兹、李长瑞等人的作品),在此基础上深入若干和飞散视角有关的问题,如:超越的逻辑;跨民族思维和民族主义的关系;"家园"的文化翻译;文化翻译中的时间问题和多元历史主义,等等.

'Diaspora'is an ancient word that has gained new meanings in the past few decades. In the context of cultural production related to postcoloniality and globalization,'diaspora'is a new word.It signifies a perspective from which nation,ethnicity,identity,culture cannot be viewed in isolation but must be investigated in their transnational networks. In the 'post-'era,'diaspora'as a signifier is dynamic and complex in its semantic. Sociologists use it to refer to certain conditions related to migration,traveling or displacement. In literary and cultural studies,however,the use of the word does not just invoke such sociological conditions but indicates a changed aesthetic and cultural judgment. Diasporic perspective informs some of the best contemporary literature and much of contemporary critical thinking. With theoretical insights from Walter Benjamin,Homi Bhabha,Herder,Dirlik and Freud and with diasporic authors such as Marguerite Duras,Nabokov,Toni Morrison,Salman Rushdie,Sigrid Nunez and Chang-rae Lee as focal literary examples,the essay explores issues important to the diasporic perspective,such as:the logic of beyond;the relationship between transnational and national modes of thinking;'home'in cultural translation;the time dimension of cultural translation and multi-historicalism.