我国土地开发面临的问题及对策思考

Thinking about the Problems in Land Development in China

在我国目前土地资本化过程中的利益分配格局中,房地产开发商获益最大,政府次之,居民仅能获得微小的份额。产生这些问题的深层次原因是中国目前的土地产权制度缺乏有效的激励机制和约束机制。由于我国市场经济体制刚刚形成,资本原始积累过程尚未结束,二元经济结构尚未打破,开发商垄断的利益分配格局还将长期存在。因此,解决目前土地资本化过程中出现的社会矛盾的主要途径应是:进行土地经营权向土地收益权转化,体现所有者的利益;地方政府转换角色,充当调解者,建立间接利益分配机制,以谋求利益分配的公平。

In the benefit distribution of land development in China the real estate development businessmen gain the biggest benefit, government is second to rank and residents gain only small share of the benefits. The deep reasons causing the problems consist in that the effective encouraging mechanism and restraining mechanism are absent in the land property right system in China at present. This is because of market economic system still is not ripen, the capital primitive accumulation process is not still completed, dual economic structure have not been broken, therefore control of development businessmen on benefit distribution would still exist for a long time. The ways of solving above-mentioned contradiction is in the next respects: transfer land administration right to land profit right and embody the benefit of land's owner; transfer local government role to regulator; establish indirect benefit distribution mechanism in order to strive for the fair benefit distribution.