从马丁·路德到笛卡尔——论“因信称义”与近代主体性哲学兴起的关系

From Martin Luther to Descartes:The Relationship between the “Justification byFaith” and the Uprise of Subjective Principle

肇始于笛卡尔的近代哲学以彰显主体性为其最突出的特征,但是为什么主体在近代时期特别是笛卡尔哲学中占有如此重要的地位呢?笔者认为,马丁·路德所倡导之“因信称义”的宗教改革原则对此起到了关键的作用。本文从内在性自我的出现、怀疑精神的确立和确定性的追求三个方面来对此问题进行论述。

Modern philosophy beginning from Descartes is mainly characterized by subjectivity. But why is the subject so important in the modern philosophy,especially in Cartesian philosophy? The author holds that it is closely related with the “Justification by Faith”——the main principle advocated by Martin Luther. This paper discusses the problem from three aspects: the appearance of inner self, the uprise of the attitude of doubt and the pursuit of certainty.