海员值班时工作效能的变化

CHANGES OF SEAMENS WORKING EFFICIENCY AT DIFFERENT TIMES ON DUTY

观测海员在航海环境中不同值班时间工作效能的变化并探讨昼夜生物节律对人体（疲劳）的影响。方法在同一航海环境中对４２名海员和４９名跟班见习海员（作为对照组）进行视觉品质检测。检测时间为在昼夜各值班时在班海员下班前半小时。结果昼夜各值班时值班海员工作效能的变化与陆上相似，在１２：００工作效能最佳，然后逐渐变差，至次晨４：００最差；测试错误率亦在２４：００至次晨４：００时较其他值班时为高。与见习海员相比，值班海员完成测试所需时间较长（Ｐ＜０．０２），错误率亦较高（１８．９％），但两者间差别不够显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论研究生物节律的改变和值班疲劳、特别是夜间值班疲劳对海员的影响，及通过医学和心理学方法提高海员的适航能力很有必要。

AIM Observation of seamans working efficiency on board at different times of the day on duty under the voyage condition and to evaluatff the effects of biologic circadian rhythm on the human body with particular regard to fatigue.METHODS Visual attribute test with the use of a DJY- I visual at-tribute tester(Beijing Medical University made)was applied to examine 42 seamen and 49 probationers(accompanied with seamen in the same shift on the ship),and the latter were served as the control group.The examinations were performed at half an hour before they got off work of each shift,and were done 6 times round the clock,he time required by both the seamen and probationers for the test and the number of errors in the test were recorded respectively. Student’st-test was used to determine the differences between seamen and probationers.RESULTS There were found that the changes of working effeciency in the seamen with different shifts round the clock were the same as those on the land.The working effeciency at about 12:00 was the best and then it gradually became poorer with en-suing time,and the poorest was at 4:00 next morning.The error rates in the test were also higher at24: 00 to next 4:00 than at other time.In comparison with the probationers,the time required for the test among the seamen on duty was longer(P<0. 02)and the error rates were also higher(18.9%),but the statistic difference between them was insignificant(P> 0. 05). CONCLUSION The authers believe that it is necessary to investigate the effects of the change of circadian rhythm:on the human body with respect to working efficiency and the development of fatigue especially during night shifts in the seamen, so as to increase their adaptability on board by means of medical and psychological compen-sations.