限定性副词“只”的句法、语义、语用分析

A Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of the Chinese Restrictive Adverb “只”

该文从句法、语义、语用三个平面出发,对副词“只”进行了分析。在句法平面上,副词“只”的主要功能是用在动词性成分前起限制作用,有时也用在形容词性成分、体词性成分、分句前起限制作用;在语义平面上,副词“只”的语义指向比较复杂,可以指向主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,甚至可以在复句中指向分句;在语用平面上,副词“只”的主要功能是强调语气和限制范围的,有时也能协调音节。

This essay analyzes the Chinese adverb “只” from the aspects of syntactic structures, semantics and pragmatics. Syntactically this adverb mainly restricts verbs and sometimes restricts adjectives, participles and sub-clauses. Semantically it can modify the subject, predicate, object attribute, adverbial modifier and complement, a phrase in a complex sentence. Pragmatically, it is mainly used to emphasize and restrict something. Sometimes it can also adjust an intonation.