开放教育的最高境界

The ideal realm of open learning

开放教育首先是针对封闭性精英教育而言,是为减轻大众就读高等学校压力和适应社会对于高等教育毕业生需求的变革,实际上是对于学生入学条件的开放,尚只属于开放教育的初级阶段;开放教育进一步是针对“以教师和课堂为中心”的封闭性传统教学而设计,主张由学生“个别化”自主学习”,这是对于具有相当学习能力的学生的开放,因而实质上也是对传统学校的教学资源的开放,但它必然是一种有限度的开放,是开放教育的自然发展阶段;开放教育的最高境界,是教育学意义上的开放,是要给基础不平等的人以平等的教育机会,因为即便以“大众化”的标准来衡量,在应该接受高等教育的人群当中,学习基础和物质基础都是不平等的,且其不平等的差距往往随着人群的扩大,而成几何级数的增长,所以,如何给这样的各类人以平等的接受高等教育的机会,便是开放教育必须要进入的、永无止境的高级阶段。

With the em ergence of open universities in each country, the term of 'open learning' is now so fam iliar w ith us. H ow ever, w e cannot say that w e have a thorough understanding of the exact im plication for the term .The initial stage of open learning is actually referring to the open access to the students, w hich is directed against the close- typed elite education w ith a view of reducing pressure of the m assive education in higher education institutions and adapting to the reform on the social dem and for higher education graduates. This stage aim s to solve the problem of student sources in open learning. It's actually a sociological issue, not a pedagogical issue. If w e sim ply put open learning equivalently to open access, w e'll stay long on the initial stage.The natural developing stage of open learning is actually open to those w ho have the ability of independent study. O pen learning is designed against the close-typed teaching w ith the focus on tutors and classroom s. It lays claim to individualization & autonom ous learning. In nature, it is also open to the teaching resources from the traditional institutions. H ow ever, as pursuit of autonom ous and individualized study requires prerequisite, this stage is actually a lim ited openness.The ideal realm of open learning is open in the significance of pedagogy, w hich im plies to provide equal opportunities to people w ith unequal basis. M easured by the standard of m assification, the educational background and m aterial basis are not equal am ong those w ho should receive higher education. M oreover, w e have notified that the gap of the unequalness is increasing in geom etric procession w ith the expanding of the groups. Therefore, to provide different groups of people w ith equal opportunities for higher education is an endless senior stage, w hich opens learning m ust get access to.