情绪信息与注意偏向

Emotional Information and Attentional Bias

情绪信息对注意的调节是情绪研究的热点问题之一。过去的研究多集中于注意偏向,研究范式的多样化、被试群体特质的差异性,导致对注意偏向机制的诸多争论,形成了注意成分说、图式说、注意资源说和PDP模型。注意成分说认为,威胁相关的刺激损害了注意解除能力而引起偏向。图式说认为,图式或知识结构的激活引发注意偏向。注意资源说认为,过多注意资源的消耗引起情绪Stroop实验中的注意偏向。PDP模型认为,特殊人群过高的输入单元激活水平引起注意偏向。

Recent studies on the interaction between cognition and emotion demonstrate that people suffering from emotional disorders may have attentional bias to emotional stimuli. Different experimental paradigms and subject populations have been used in research, in which four types of theories concerning the mechanisms of attentional bias were developed. According to the components of selective attention account, the reason for attentional bias is that threat-related stimuli make the disengagement of attention more difficult. According to the schema theory, the activation of relevant schema or knowledge structure induces the bias of attentional to the particular stimuli. According to the attentional resource theory, emotional information captures attention automatically, which leaves no attentional resources to process non-emotional dimension of stimuli. According to the PDP model, for people with emotional disorders, the input units for threat-related information have higher activation levels, resulting in interference with the completion of the current task.