论隋文帝“君臣一体”的民族关系思想

On Emperor YANG Jian’s Thought of Nationality Relationship

君臣关系本是同一政权内国君与臣民的隶属关系,一般遵循儒家所规范的行为准则。隋文帝在积极吸收传统的君臣关系思想成果的同时,又在总结历史上民族关系的经验教训过程中,根据隋朝民族关系的实际,形成了新的“君臣一体”思想。这一思想的前提是“普天之下,皆是朕臣妾”,其基本内容则是为臣的少数民族政权必须向隋称藩,保持臣节,岁岁朝贡,永服威刑;其特征和目的是把传统的伦理思想中的父子关系和传统的政治思想中的君臣关系扩大化,将不同政权的君臣视同自己的臣民,以恩威并施手段,保证中原王朝与周边少数民族政权始终处于依附与被依附关系,以达到边境安宁、太平无事的目的。这一思想的实质仍是民族压迫与民族剥削,君是绝对意义上的君,对少数民族政权操有征伐、征调等大权,而臣是相对意义上的臣,有时与奴仆几乎没有什么差别。

The essence of YANG Jian’s thought concerning nationality relationship is that the power of the minority nationalities under his rule must be devoted to him and their relations are just like the relations between the monarch and his subjects,or the relations between the father and his sons.The powers of the various minority nationalities should submit themselves to the rule of the Sui emperor.The essence of this thought about nationalities in effect is characterized by national suppression and national exploitation.The relations between the emperor and the subjects are actually the relations between the master and his servants.