重新认识晚清基督教民——兼评义和团运动中“打杀”教民现象

Reappraising the Christians in the Late Ching Dynasty

少数教民依恃洋教仗势为恶,为非作歹,激起教案,严重损害了教民的整体形象。然而,就多数教民而言,其来源或为精神失据,需要寻找精神安慰,或生活无着,为贫病饥寒所迫的社会弱势团体;其入教动机或是虔诚的信教者,或是“吃教”、“恃教”者。义和团运动的兴起发展,与少数痞匪教民恃教欺人,教士和官府对此加以袒护有一定关系。但在义和团运动中,多数教民是爱国的、善良的,他们被误杀是值得同情的。义和团“打杀”教民,有失于盲目仇杀,与小生产者的狭隘性有关,不过主要因素为封建顽固势力排外仇教政策的带头“示范”作用与受外国侵略势力的影响。

Since a few Christians bullied people supported by foreign chrches,the anti-Christian movement thus arose,and the image of Christians was greatly damaged.For the Christian majority,however,they were a weak social group compsed either of those who lost their spritual sustenance or of the poverty-strichen people.On the one hand,the upsurge and devlopment of the Boxer Rebellion had some connections with the fact that while a few Christians ruffians bullied people,the priests and the government were partial to their side;on the other hand,most Christians were patriotic and kind.That the Boxers blindly attacked the Christians can be imputed to the parochialism of the small producers,but to a large extent,to the foreign invasion and xenophobia and Christian-hating feelings of the diehard feual elements.