陕北种植业土地利用与农业投入关系的典范对应分析

Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Relationship between Land Use and Agricultural Investments in Cropping System of Northern Shaanxi Province

本文在论述农业投入与种植业格局之间存在相关关系基础上,以近50年的农业种植及其投入数据为依托,运用典范对应分析(CCA)方法分析陕北种植业格局的空间差异,以及延安地区种植业格局的时间演变,并分析不同时段、不同空间范围内农业投入与各类作物之间以及与经济发展水平之间的关系,得出如下初步结论:研究区北部种植条件较差,农业生产相对落后,表现为完全种植粮食作物,整体农业投入极少;研究区南部种植条件好,蔬菜瓜果等经济作物种植量较大,农业生产发达,农业投入主要倾斜经济作物。随着时间的推移,本区种植业格局有待改进,经济水平高、农业生产条件较好的地区,增加经济作物的种植,同时增加对经济作物的投入。在经济水平相对落后、农业生产条件较差的地区,选择适宜的农作物因地制宜发展特色农业,同时政府应当引导农民进入非农行业多渠道自主就业,增加农业以外的收入。

Based on the data covering agricultural investments and planting area of several kinds of crops in northern Shaanxi Province from 1949 to 1999, and using CCA (canonical correspondence analysis) method, this paper analyzes the spatial differences of planting patterns in northern Shaanxi Province, and the temporal differences of planting patterns in Yanan Prefecture, part of northern Shaanxi Province. The CCA was also applied for analyzing relationship between agricultural investments, planting area of several crops and economic development in different areas and over different periods. It is concluded that poor conditions for crop cultivation in the north of study area lead to slow development of agriculture, featured with mono grain crops and limited agricultural investments while good conditions in the south of study area contribute to the fast development of agriculture, where the grain crops are dominant crops, but the planting areas of commercial crops such as vegetables, fruits and cash crops accounts for a high proportion with inclination of inputs towards them. It is suggested that some adjustments in cropping patterns should be made in the study area under the guidance of local government, i.e., in the south of study area with good conditions for crop cultivation and better economic condition, planting area of commercial crops should be increased coupled with an increase in agricultural inputs; in the north of the study area with poor conditions of planting crops and backward economic development, agricultural production should be treated in accordance with local conditions, and suitable crops such as potato and rape should be planted. In addition, in order to increase farmers' income in those poor areas, the local government should pay more attention to diverting local farmers to other professions such as finding new jobs in service sector, trade and mining industry around the area.