鸡公山自然保护区森林生物量动态模拟及其宏观价值评估

Valuation and Dynamic Modeling of the Biomass of Forest Vegetation in the Jigongshan Mountain Natural Reserve

本文运用鸡公山科学考察资料及1991年森林资源清查资料,采用森林材积源生物量推算方法研究了鸡公山森林生物量及其净生物量的现状,并对生物量的动态变化规律及其宏观价值进行模拟评估。研究结果表明:1991年鸡公山森林生物量为20·1×104t,平均森林生物量为70t/hm2,略低于全国平均水平(77·4t/hm2);单位面积的净生产力为14·31t/(hm2·年),鸡公山自然保护区森林的总净生产力4·1×104t/年。从总体上看,鸡公山的森林以中幼龄林为主体,马尾松、杉木和栎类林木的平均生物量较低,分别为35·7Mg/hm2、46·2Mg/hm2和64·8Mg/hm2,而次生阔杂林的平均生物量相对较高,为124·2Mg/hm2。马尾松林、杉木和栎类林的平均生物量较低,这一方面说明这类林木的质量较差,幼龄林和残次林较多,但从另一个侧面也反映了如果对现有森林加以更好的抚育管理,鸡公山森林还有很大的潜力。鸡公山森林生物量的动态模拟结果表明,鸡公山的生物量有巨大增长潜力,加强保护,生物量可从1991年的20×104t增加到2030年的36×104t。根据能值理论与方法对生物量的宏观经济价值评估,生物量的宏观经济价值也会从1991年的5552×104美元增加到2030年的10000×104美元。

The conservation of degraded ecosystems has become a hot issue in the field of the global environment protection. However, how to evaluate the values and dynamics of forest vegetation conservation is a basic theoretical problem and has now attracted universal attention. The integrated studies of the eco-economic valuation and dynamic modeling of the vegetation conservation of degraded forest ecosystems have involved in multidisciplinary theories and methodologies such as botany, restoration ecology, system ecology and ecological economics etc. It is important to make right policy to stimulate forests conservation on the basis of soundly scientific researches. In this paper, methodologies for evaluating biomass and net production of forest vegetation from stem volume of stand was introduced, and biological production in Jigongshan Mountain Natural Reserve, which is located at the boundaries of Xinyang county in the southern part of Henan Province and covers an area about 3 000hm\+2 was estimated. In order to evaluate the value of biomass storage, the paper uses an alternative measure of value, based on real contributions to system performance, termed emergy, spelled with an “M”. It is a new concept, which quantifies “energy memory” in products and process. It is an accounting unit of total contributions, direct and indirect used in generation of a product or service. It is a concept derived from understanding whole systems, their interactions and interdependence, and the resources driving and maintaining them. This broader approach could help us to evaluate the macro-value of the vegetation biomass. The research results show:1) A detailed framework for studying the dynamics and valuation of the vegetation conservation of degraded ecosystems is established through case study, which is very helpful for decision-making and measure dynamic values of ecosystem restoration.2) The average biomass(70t/hm\+2) in Jigongshan Mountain Reserve is smaller than the mean value(77.4t/hm^2)of China, the total net production is 4.1×10~4t/a in 1991. The simulation result of biomass show that the total biomass of the main type of forest vegetation will grow up to 36×10~4t in 2030 which is almost double of the total biomass in 1991 when the total biomass was only 20×10~4t。3) The macro-values of the biomass in different years were evaluated, the results show that the macro-values would increase from 55.52 millions US$ in 1991 to 100 millions US$ in 2030. At present, the macro-value of the biomass storage in Jigongshan Mountain Natural Reserve is about 89 millions US$.4) Vegetation restoration of the degraded forest ecosystems from 1991 to 2005 in the Jigongshan Mountain Reserve is successful. Forest products should be used in home country or exchanged for products with equal emergy-based macro-values.