宫腔镜手术并发症36例临床分析

Analysis of complications in hysteroscopic surgeries

目的探讨宫腔镜手术并发症发生的原因、处理方法与预防措施。方法对我院1993年1月至2004年11月10余年间,36例宫腔镜手术并发症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果36例并发症中,子宫穿孔或不全子宫穿孔11例,均发生在复杂的宫腔内手术操作中,除1例中转开腹外,均在腹腔镜下行缝合修补;术中大出血5例,均由于对子宫肌壁破坏过深所致,经宫腔放置双腔导管压迫止血或子宫切除治愈;灌流液过量吸收综合征3例,给予利尿及补钠治疗,预后良好;空气栓塞1例,早期发现后积极抢救成功;输卵管绝育子宫内膜去除术后综合征4例,行子宫切除加单侧或双侧输卵管切除、宫腔扩探及粘连分离,治愈;宫腔粘连12例,分别行宫腔扩探、粘连分离、排除积血或子宫切除。结论复杂的宫腔内操作、宫腔灌流压力过高、子宫肌壁破坏较深以及子宫内膜残留,是发生宫腔镜手术并发症的潜在危险因素;术中腹腔镜或B超监护、提高术者处理复杂宫腔手术的能力和加强围手术期管理,是降低并发症的必要措施。

Objective To investigate the causations, management and prevention methods on the complications of hysteroscopic procedures. Methods Retrospective analysis of 36 cases with hysteroscopic complication, focusing on their characteristics and clinical management as well as prevention methods during the ten years from 1993 to 2004. Results Among 36 cases, 11 cases with uterine perforation and incomplete perforation, which happened during the complicated procedures, were treated by both laparoscopy and laparotomy. Five cases with heavy bleeding were encountered because of the deeply injury to the uterine wall and Foley catheter was inserted into uterine cavity and it stopped the bleeding successfully except in one case done by hysterectomy. Three cases with fluid overload syndrome were cured by using diuretic agent and saline infusion. There is no serious consequence in one case with air embolism due to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Four cases with postablation-sterilization syndrome were treated effectively by performing hysterectomy plus single or bilateral salpingectomy, dilating cervical canal as well as resecting adhesions. Twelve cases with adhesion inside uterine cavity followed hysteroscopy were also treated by dilating cervical canal, underwent adhesionlysis and hysterectomy. Conclusions The potential factors causing complications of hysteroscopy include complicated procedures inside uterine cavity, higher pressure of irrigation, deep injury of endometrium as well as incomplete removal of endometrium during hysteroscopic operations. It is the necessary measures to reduce the complications by performing laparoscopy or B ultrasound monitoring simultaneously, standardizing the procedure and strengthening postoperation management.