艾滋病在中国和全球的流行现状及面临的挑战

HIV Epidemic in China and the World: Current Situation and Challenges

艾滋病在1985年传入中国,经历输入散发期、局部流行期和广泛流行期,大陆地区31个省(自治区、直辖市)都报告有艾滋病病毒感染者;3种传播途径(经以血液传播、经性接触传播及母婴传播)均已存在;艾滋病疫情目前正处于从高危人群向一般人群蔓延的临界点。在中国,静脉吸毒人群仍是主要的艾滋病病毒感染人群,占累积病例报告的45%;经性途径感染和传播艾滋病病毒的情况逐年有明显上升,其中大部分有婚外同性和异性不安全性行为,但也有婚内性传播;艾滋病病毒感染的母婴传播在疫情较重的地区出现;经采供血传播艾滋病病毒的途径已被有效阻断。中国政府对遏制艾滋病流行极为关注,但是任重而道远。

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was transmitted into China in 1985. Three different HIV epidemics have occurred: low-level, concentrated and now generalized epidemics in China. So far, HIV/AIDS has been reported in all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the mainland and there exist three HIV transmission routes (via blood/blood products, sex and mother-to-child transmission). HIV epidemic is now at the risk of critical phrase spreading from high risk population to general population. Currently, the largest group of HIV infection is injecting drug users, with a proportion of 45% in cumulative reported cases in China. Sexually transmitted HIV infections are gradually increasing in recent years, mainly caused by extra-marital unprotected homosexual and heterosexual behaviors, partly by marital sex intercourse. Mother-to-child transmission has been found in high prevalence areas. HIV transmission route due to blood donation has been successfully controlled. The Chinese government has attached great importance to the control of HIV/AIDS cpidemic, however, in order to get rid of HIV/AIDS will be a very arduous and long way to go.