古代诗话对传统批评体裁的自我反思

The Self-reflection on Traditional Critical Genre in Ancient Shi-hua

古代诗话对于诗话体裁批判之独特现象,表明了诗论家对诗话体裁爱恨交加的矛盾心理,同时也断绝了20世纪初文论转型时,诗话与现代文论血缘承继的最后希望。其特征有三:第一,诗论家批判诗话严厉而广泛,但其无法割断与诗话体裁千丝万缕的联系;第二,诗论家在批判诗话体裁的同时,往往又会称誉一些诗话内容,这使其批判具有明显的不彻底性;第三,具有妥协性质之诗话反批判,是古代诗话于批判声中不断壮大之法宝。由此探究诗话体裁之自身批判特征,对于今天实现诗话的古为今用具有重要的现实意义。

The singularity of ancient Shi-hua lies in its critique of its own genre. This, on one hand, further reflects the critics' love and hatred for the genre, and on the other, breaks ultimately the hope of bridging ancient Shi-hua and modern literary theory at the beginning of the 20th century. This conflicting state of mind can be characterized as the following: 1) the criticism was rigorous and extensive but could not cut out its close connection with Shi-hua; 2) while criticizing the genre of Shi-hua, the critics also sang high praise of its content, thus not thorough in their criticism; 3) the counter-criticism of Shi-hua with its quality of critical compromise is the weapon by which Shi-hua develops in all criticisms. The research of this self-critical quality of Shi-hua will be significant for the modern uses of the ancient genre.