青春期女性血清瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体的双生子研究

Twin study on serum leptin and soluble leptin receptor in pubertal girls

目的探讨青春期女性血清瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体的变化趋势,估计遗传与环境因素的相对效应。方法以学校登记为基础募集6～18岁女性双生子180对,其中同卵双生子132对、异卵双生子48对,按Tanner标准进行青春发育分期,测定空腹血清瘦素和可溶性瘦素受体浓度。结果青春期女性血清瘦素浓度随青春期进展而显著增高,可溶性瘦素受体则呈显著下降趋势,二者的综合作用使得游离瘦素指数随青春期进展持续增高,7～9岁和12～14岁增高尤为显著,分别为10.1～32.3和41.8～82.1;瘦素和游离瘦素指数与各体格指标呈显著正相关(r值为0.54～0.76),而可溶性瘦素受体则与各指标呈显著负相关(r值为-0.23～-0.42);各指标组内相关系数均为同卵双生子大于异卵双生子,而偶内差和相似度系数则异卵双生子大于同卵双生子,瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体和游离瘦素指数的遗传度分别为0.37、0.84和0.46。结论7～9岁女孩游离瘦素指数的快速增长可能对青春期的启动起促进作用,而12～14岁的突增可能对即将到来的月经初潮起预示作用。青春期女孩血清游离瘦素指数同时受遗传与环境因素的影响,瘦素受环境因素的影响较大,可溶性瘦素受体则受遗传因素的影响较强。

Objective To explore the changes of serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor (SOB-R) concentrations and free leptin index (FLI) throughout the puberty in females, and estimate the effects of genetic and environmental factors on these indices.Methods The population studied consists of 180 pairs of twins in 6 to 18 years old: 132 pairs of monozygotic twins and 48 pairs of dizygotic twins, who were all from Qingdao city, Shandong Province. Anthropometric and sexual characteristics were examined, fasting serum leptin and SOB-R contents were assayed by immunoradiometric assay and ELISA respectively.Results Serum leptin concentrations increased and SOB-R decreased throughout puberty (P<0.05), brought out a sustained increase of FLI, especially in 7-9 and 12-14 years old (from 10.1 to 32.3 and 41.8 to 82.1 respectively); Leptin and FLI were positively, and SOB-R negatively correlated with morphological indices (correlation coefficients from 0.54 to 0.76, -0.23 to -0.42, respectively). Heritability of girl’s serum leptin, SOB-R and FLI were 0.37, 0.84, 0.46 respectively.Conclusions Serum free leptin index surge at 7-9 and 12-14 years old might be a predictor or trigger of the puberty onset and menarche, respectively; FLI might be determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Leptin should be substantially influenced by environment and reflect the fat mass of body compositions. SOB-R should be predominantly controlled by genetic factors yet. Genetic influence might be important in pubertal development and metabolic disorders.