上海郊区婴幼儿蛋白质营养的研究

A STUDY ON PROTEIN NUTRITlON OFYOUNG CHILDREN IN RURAL AREA

运用营养调查和干预试验的方法对上海市郊区５０８名３岁以下小儿进行蛋白质营养的研究。结果表明，６个月以下小儿的蛋白质和热量摄入量均接近推荐供给量，６个月以后逐渐减少。其血清前白蛋白水平、必需氨基酸、支链氨基酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸平均水平明显低于营养良好儿组，非必需氨基酸与必需氨基酸的比率明显高于营养良好儿组。血清中促生长因子平均水平明显低于营养良好儿组。蛋白质添加干预试验的结果显示，干预试验组的氨基酸图谱中非必需氨基酸与必需氨基酸的比率在干预试验后明显下降而趋于正常，与干预前比较差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），对照组则无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示郊区小儿实际上存在亚临床状态的蛋白质营养不足。

ive hundred and eight young children frorn shang-hai rural area, aged 0～36 months, were investigatedfor protein state with dietary investigation , anthropome-try, physical examination, and laboratory measures in-cluding serum prealburnin (SPA) , plasma free aminoacids (PFAA) and serum promoting growth activity(PGA). As control subJects , 49 young children from anurban district with good nutrition were simultaneouslyexamined. In addition, 43 rural young children wereunder protein supplement intervention test.The results of nutrrtional state investigation showedthat the breast feeding rate was 94. 2% before 6 monthsof age, but 72. 5% stopped any milk feeding in 1～2year period and only 12 children had a httle cow’s milkwithin 2～3 years. Correspondingly, their protein in-take decreased sharply after 12 month to 44% of RDAin the 1～2 years group and to 53% in the 2～3 yearsgroup. Compared with the control group, the SPA andPGA level of rural children were significantly lower;certain differences in PFAA pattern were found betweentwo groups: 1. the concentrations of total essentialamino acid of rural children were significantly lowerthan that of the control group; 2. the values of branchchain amino acids and lysine of the former werelowerthan the latter; 3. the ratio of nonessential amino acidsto essential amino acids (NEAA/TEAA) in the ruralchildren was significantly higher than that of controlgroup. These resuhs suggest that insufficient protein in-take exists in the rural young children.