明代徽州里的编制与增减

The Authorized Size and Its Increase and Decrease of the Grass - Root Administrative Units in Huizhou in the Ming Dynasty

里甲制的研究是明代社会经济史领域的一个重要主题。本文主要针对明代徽州里的编制及其演变情况进行考察。研究发现:其一,徽州的里,从最初编成到万历这段时间内,相当数量的里慢慢消失的现象,所反映的并不是明中期以后里甲的崩溃,而是反映了明初里的整顿。其二,明代徽州里的改编是在大造之年进行的。和其他地区一样,户数的增减,成了决定里的产生和消灭的根本原因。其三,在整个明代,徽州也不能脱离里甲体制的变化压力。不过,到了明末,徽州里改编的主要倾向不是减少,而是增加。仅从里甲编制的侧面来看,徽州通过里的增减方式,终于缓解了其内部变化的压力。

Studies of the Li and Jia System represent a major topic in the history of social economy in Ming Dynasty. This paper mainly investigates the authorized size and its evolution of the grass - root unit called Li in Huizhou in the Ming Dynasty. The following are the findings: firstly, the phenomenon that a considerable number of the grass - root units gradually disappeared did not reflect the collapse of the Li & Jia System carried out since the middle period of Ming Dynasty; instead it reflected the outcome of the reorganization of Li at the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Secondly, the the reorganization of Li in Huizhou at the beginning of Ming Dynasty was conducted in the year of drastic changes. As was the case in the other districts, the increase and decrease of the number of households in Huizhou District constituted the direct cause which determined the formation or disappearance of Li in that area. Thirdly, Huizhou could not be at a remove from the pressure from changes in the Li and Jia System throughout the Ming Dynasty. However, by the end of the Dynasty, the reorganization of Li in Huizhou was mainly inclined towards the increase of the number of Li. Judged merely from the size of Li and Jia, Huizhou eventually succeeded in easing pressure from its internal changes by increasing or decreasing the number of Li.