上颌窦口解剖与中鼻道上颌窦开窗术

The Anatolny of the Maxillary Os tium and the Middle Meatus Antrostomy

通过１６侧尸头解剖对上颌窦自然孔位置及与其邻近组织的毗邻关系进行了观察，发现上颌窦口存在着严重的变异，上颌窦口在鼻腔的开口位置多在漏斗内，其上方便是眶内侧壁。上颌窦内口与上颌窦前壁的平均距离为１．１ｃｍ，表明与鼻泪管很近。Ｘ线摄片显示了上颌窦鼻通道与眶壁的密切关系。对７０侧中鼻道上颌窦开窗术中的情况进行了总结和分析，认为鼻科医师应熟知上颌窦鼻通道的解剖特点，进行中鼻道上颌窦开窗时应高度警惕勿损伤眶壁和鼻泪管。

Serial cadaver dissections were performed and the anatomy of the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus and its adjacent structures observed.The results showed obvious anatomic variations. In most cases,the maxillary ostium was located in the infundibulum,directly under the orbit.The average distance was 1.1cm from the maxillary ostium to the anterior maxillary wall,showing the anatomic rela-tionship of the maxillary ostium with the nasolacrimal duct.The close anatomic relationship between the antronasal channel and orbit was demonstrated by radiography.A retrospective review of 70 middle meatal antrostomies was conducted anddiscussed.The anatomy of the antronasal channel shou be wel understood by an endoscope sinus surgeon in order to perform the middle meatal antrostomy withOut in-juring the orbit and nasolacrimal duct.