晕机病的预测和克服

Prediction and control of airsickness

晕机病的预测即指预测个体对晕机病的易感性。个体对于晕机病的易感性存在着差别，且与种族、性别、个体的机能状态和环境影响等因素有关。通过检查这种差异即可对个体的易感性做出预测。预测方法按其效度大小排序依次是：作业环境中检验（效度r=0．82）、诱发试验（r=0．62）、病史调查（r=0．58）、心理倾向试验（r=0．25=0．51）、适应性检测（r=0．33）和生理倾向检测（r=0．25—O．26）。1990年于立身报告的利用前庭和机动刺激及其相互作用诱发眼震电图的改变来预测晕机病的方法，效度r=0．849。有关晕机病易感性的理论认为：至少有三种内在因素影响着人体对晕机病的易感性，即感受性、适应性和保持性。通过此理论开展的晕机病的克服工作有多个方面。目前主要西方国家空军克服晕机病的工作着眼于对运动环境的适应性训练上。其内容主要包括在地面上训练发生晕机病的飞行员进行放松和自主性控制；继之在地面上对其施加Corion交叉力偶刺激，缓慢加大刺激量，使其能够在早期识别晕机病症状并控制其发展；最后再在实际飞行环境中进行逐步训练，直至完全或部分恢复正常飞行活动。主要使用了入静、意念想象等放松技术，并通过生物反馈方法进行自我控制的训练。这些工作对景机病的克服率达77％-79％。

Effectiveness of various rnethods in predicting the susceptibility to airsickness werefound to be: operational measures, r= 0. 82; provocative,r= 0. 62; history,r = 0. 58; psychological predis-position, r = 0. 25- 0. 51; plasticity or the ability to habituade, r = 0. 33; physiological predisposition, r =0. 25 - 0. 26. In addition, a method utilizing electronystagmographic changes induced by vestibular andoptokinetic stimuli and their interactions were reported by Yu Lishen to have an effectiveness rate of Y=0. 849 in predicting susuptibility of airsickness. Theoretically,there are at least 3 internal factors that in-fluence the susceptibility to airsickness, i. e. receptivity, adaptability and retentivity. Works basing onthese principles were done in many ways. Training of adaptability to the working environment was ern-phasized by western air forces recently. lt consists of training the susceptible pilots to reIax and self c0n-troling,and then cross coupled Coriolis forces were applied with increasing intensity so that they can re-alize their own symptoms earlier and control its developornent. Finally,they were trained in flying environments until norrnal flying in resume. The effectiveness rate reached 77% 79%.