“官僚主导型”日本政治——行政模式的历史与文化分析

Bureaucracy-oriented Politics of Japan——A Historical and Cultural Analysis of the Administrative Model

三权分立原则和现代官僚制度构成了资本主义社会的基本政治———行政模式,作为资本主义后发国家的日本禀承“拿来主义”的传统,在引进的同时对之加以改造。在日本近、现代化的历史过程中,西方的政治理念与本国传统行政文化中的精英主义、权威主义相交融,并在日式集团主义的社会准则基础之上构筑了日本独特的“官僚主导型”政治-行政模式。分析其形成的历史与文化渊源,可以使我们对这一独特的政治———行政模式有更深刻的理解与认识。

Separation of the three powers and modern bureaucratic system constitute the basic politics of capitalistic society——the administrative model. As a capitalistic country that developed relatively late, Japan carried on the tradition of 'borrowing from other countries' with some alteration. In modern Japanese history, Western political ideas mingle with elitism and authoritarianism in Japan's traditional administration and culture. Moreover, the bureaucracy- oriented political and administrative model is set up on the base of Japan's social principle. Through the analysis of the historical and cultural reasons for its formation, we will have a better understanding of this distinctive political and administrative model.