高校新生乙型肝炎病毒感染状况与对策

A Survey of Freshmen’s Hepatitis B Virus Infection Situation and Solutions

目的了解入校新生乙型肝炎病毒感染状况,为采取有效的措施做好乙型肝炎的防治工作提供科学依据。方法利用整群普查的方法,选取2001年-2004年入校新生为检测对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法,对血清进行HBV五项标志物检测,结合肝功能的检查,对数据进行比较分析。结果入校新生4年HBsAg阳性率为5·57%,男生与女生HBsAg阳性率比较,差异有显著性(χ2=9·64,p<0·01);城市学生与农村学生HBsAg阳性率比较,差异有显著性(χ2=6·56,p<0·05);省内与省外学生HBsAg阳性率比较,差异有显著性(χ2=43·96,p<0·01);在HBV感染模式中,以小三阳(HBsAg、HBcAb、HBeAb);大三阳(HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb);HBsAg和HBeAg阳性;HBsAg和HBcAb阳性4种为主要模式。结论加强学生乙型肝炎疫苗的接种,督促卫生管理和开展健康教育,针对不同感染情况,采取不同预防措施。

Objective To survey the hepatitis B virus infection situation of college freshmen, and take precaution measures to prevent the spread of the disease accordingly. Method Analyze the data collected from combined serum HBV five signs inspection and liver inspection of all the freshmen of Lanzhou University of Technology from 2001 to 2004 with the method of ELISA. Results The average percentage of HBsAg is 5.57%, and the differences between males and females, students from city and students from rural areas, students of Gansu province and students from other provinces, are obvious (χ~2=9.64, p<0.01; χ~2=6.56,p<0.05; χ~2=43.96,p<0.01); The four main infection types of HBV are HBsAg\HBcAb\HBeAb, HBsAg\HBeAg\HBcAb, HBsAg\HBeAg, and HBsAg\HBcAb. Conclusion Some precaution measures must be taken, including preventive inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine, enforcement of sanitary management and health education.