兰州地区婴幼儿轮状病毒和杯状病毒腹泻的研究

Clinical study on the characteristic patterns of the diarrhea caused by rotavirus and calicivirus in infants and young children in Lanzhou

目的研究兰州地区婴幼儿轮状病毒和杯状病毒腹泻的分子流行病学特点。方法2001年12月～2002年11月在兰州医学院第一附属医院儿科收集婴幼儿病毒性腹泻粪便标本244份,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测轮状病毒抗原,阳性标本用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、巢式PCR及琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法进行基因分型;阴性标本用ELISA和RT-PCR进行杯状病毒病原检测。结果224份标本轮状病毒检出率为45.5%(111/244份),G分型中G3为58.6%,G1为18.0%,G2为4.5%,G9为2.7%,混合型为6.3%,11例未能分型。P分型中P[8]为61.0%,P[4]为7.3%,混合型为2.4%,14例未能分型。133份轮状病毒阴性标本杯状病毒检出率为15.8%,其中ELISA检测阳性率为11.3%,RT-PCR检测阳性率为9.0%。结论轮状病毒是兰州地区婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的主要病原,2002年流行株为G3型,发现了G9型轮状病毒感染;杯状病毒也是引起兰州地区婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的病原之一,应引起重视。

Objects To study the features of molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and calicivirus in infants and young children in Lanzhou.Methods244stool specimens were collected from both outpatients and inpatients with acute non-bacterial diarrhea.Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA)was used to detect rotavirus antigen.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Nested-PCR(N-PCR)and agarose gel electrophoresis were used for the genotyping of VP4and VP7encoding genes in rotavirus posi- tive specimens.ELISA and RT-CR were also used to detect calicivirus in rotavirus negative specimen.Resu- lts Rotavirus was detected in111of244(45.5%)specimens.Genotyping of rotavirus showed that G3was pr_ edominant(58.6%),followed by G1(18.0%),G2(4.5%),G9(2.7%),and mixed infection rate was6.3%.Gen-otype P[8]61.0%,P[4]7.3%,and mixed infection rate2.4%separately.G and P couldn't be found in11and 14cases.The positive detection rate of calicivirus in133rotavirus negative specimens was15.8%,among them;the positive detection rate of ELISA was11.3%,with the positive detection of RT_PCR9.0.Conclusions Rotavirus was a major pathogen of diarrhea in children in Lanzhou.G3was the predominant type in2002,while,G9strains were also isolated as well.Human calicivirus was another pathogen of diarrhea in infants and young children in Lanzhou.So more attention should be paid.