构建西部全方位生态补偿机制保证国家生态安全

Constructing an All-around Ecological Compensation Mechanism in Western China and Safeguarding National Ecological Security

西部是我国的生态屏障,但落后的产业结构、大规模的基础设施建设、国家重点项目的建设和东部、国外的"梯度转移"项目等不断给西部生态环境恶化增量,使西部难以可持续发展,难以承担保护国家生态安全的重任。为此,须建立西部全方位的生态补偿机制。它包括:中央财政转移支付的西部生态补偿基金;地方财政的环境政策体系;开发者补偿与受益者补偿双向调节机制;生态破坏者赔偿与生态保护者获偿的对称机制;对生态破坏受损者与减少生态破坏者双向补偿机制;保护生态环境与消除贫困联系机制和生态补偿监测评估机制等。

The West is the ecological defense of China. However, its backward industrial structure, mass infrastructure construction, national key project construction, and “gradient transfer” projects from the East and abroad have continuously added to its worsening ecological environment, making it difficult for the West to achieve sustainable development and taking on the heavy task of protecting national ecological security. Therefore, it is imperative to establish an all-around ecological compensation mechanism. The mechanism includes: ecological compensation fund for the West from the central finance as transfer payment; environment policy system of local finance; two-way readjustment mechanism of developer compensation and beneficiary compensation; symmetrical compensation mechanism by the destructor to the protector; two-way compensation mechanism to those who are damaged by ecocide and who lessen ecocide; and mechanism linking ecological environment protection and poverty alleviation and ecological compensation monitoring and assessment mechanism.