上海市1990年肺结核病三年回顾性发病调查

A three-year retrospective cohort study on Pulmonarytuberculosis in Shanghai.

１９９０年，在上海市进行肺结核病流行病学抽样调查（流调）的同时，对流调的所有对象进行了１９８７至１９９０年回顾性发病调查。以询问结合病史体检及日常登记资料为基础确定发病人数。全市活动性、菌阳、涂阳肺结核发病率分别为５４．５／１０万、２１．５／１０万和１９．４／１０万。菌阳、涂阳发病率郊县高于市区。男性发病率明显高于女性。发病率呈随年龄增高而增大的趋势，并且出现了３０岁和６０岁组的高峰。初治与复治发病串分别为４８．７／１０万和５．８／１０万。复治患者绝大多数为４５岁以上病例。活动性、菌阳和徐阳隐匿率分别为２３．１％、３６．６％和３７．８％。发现患者９７％以上均已登记。利用流调开展回顾发病调查是可行的，并可利用此资料对疫情、防治效果以及登记工作进行评价。

ased upon the study population selected for across-sectional survey in 1990, a three-year retrospec-tive cohort study on pulmonary tuberculosis was carriedout in Shangrhai. The cases of tuberculosis from 1987 to1990 were determined according to home-visit inquirycombined with medical history collection,physical ex-amination and routine notification material.The overallincidences of active,bacillus positive and smear positivefor the whole city , higher in male than in female, were54. 5/100 000, 21. 5/100 000 and 19. 4/100 000. rc-spectively. The incidence tended to rise with the in-crease of age. and. there were peaks among age group30 and 60. The initial and relapse incidences were 48. 7/100 000 and 5. 8/100 000, and most of the relapse caseswere those aged above 45. The undetection rates of ac-tive, bacillus positive and smear positive were 23. 1%.36. 6% and 37. 8% , respectively. The registration rateof detected cases was above 97%. This study indicatesthat it is applicable to perform retrospective cohort studyon tuberculosis while conducting cross-sectional surveyand the data can be used to evaluate the epidemiologicsituation , control effect and the quality of notification.