陆地碳循环中的微生物分解作用及其影响因素

Decomposition of Organic Matter by Soil Microorganisms in Terrestrial Carbon Cycling and Its Influence Factors

土壤微生物是有机物的主要分解者,在陆地生态系统碳循环中扮演着重要角色,土壤微生物活性与底物性质和环境因子密切相关,环境条件的改变对微生物的分解活动影响很大。本文概述了制约有机物分解的因素,包括有机物自身的物理化学性质、非生物因素(温度、水分和通气状况、pH值、粘粒含量、激发效应等)和生物因素等。人为活动(如土地利用/覆被变化)和气候变暖对土壤微生物活性具有一定的影响并产生相应的陆地碳循环变化。最后提出了陆地生态系统碳循环与土壤微生物驱动相关联的研究热点问题。

Soil microorganism is critical factor for organic matter decomposition, and it plays an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling.The activities of microorganisms are influenced by properties of organic matter and environmental factors. In this article, the driving function of soil microorganism was reviewed in terrestrial carbon cycling. The decomposition rate of soil organic matter was controlled by both the intrinsic factors, such as chemical and physical properties of organic matter, and the extrinsic factors, including abiotic, such as temperatures, moisture contents, clay contents, pH, Eh, et al., and biotic factors. Due to land use and land cover change or climate warming, soil microbial activities were influenced significantly which would lead to a mass of CO_2 released from soil. It was suggested about the relationship of terrestrial carbon cycling and soil microbial driving mechanism in future research.