土壤吸附重金属的影响因素研究现状及展望

Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Soils and its Affecting Factors

重金属元素在土壤中的吸附特征是重金属污染研究的重点之一。重金属元素在土壤中的吸附反应极为复杂,受多方面因素的影响。土壤对重金属的吸持依赖于土壤的类型、物理化学性质,如土壤的矿物特性,有机组成,土壤溶液的组成和pH,也与重金属离子本身的特征,外加阴阳离子、人工有机和无机络合剂有关。在今后的土壤吸附研究中应该结合形态分析和放射性同位素示踪的方法,并加强对根际土壤这一新领域的研究。

Heavy metals adsorption by soils play a key role in controlling the availability of heavy metals by plants. Retention of heavy metals by soils depends on not only the nature of soil such as the mineral and organic constituents, the composition of the soil solution and its pH, but also the outside factors such as property of the metal, the added ions and anions, and organic or inorganic matter. In further study, sequential extraction and usage of radioisotopes should be combined with isotherm analysis, and the investigation of heavy metals adsorption by rhizosphere soil should be stressed.