农村产权主体制度再设计

Redesign of property right system in the countryside in China

中国农村产权制度存在的问题主要集中在产权主体制度上。集体所有权主体虚位、农村集体经济组织退位、农民(农户)在集体产权关系中缺位和村民委员会越位是比较突出的表现。从法学和制度经济学的角度考察,这些问题的出现源于中国自建国以来对农村产权制度的设计。根据中共中央关于建立现代产权制度的总体要求,对农村产权主体制度进行再设计,是解决问题最为直接和最为有效的方法。通过再设计,让集体所有权主体就位、让农村集体经济组织复位、让农民(农户)在产权关系中定位、让村民委员会在职能上归位,可以有效地扫除发展农村市场经济和稳定农村社会的制度障碍。

The problems of property right system in the countryside in China are mainly in the aspect of property ownership, including the weak position of collective owners, abdication of country collective economical organization, lack of farmers in the collective property right relationship and villager committee's offside. These problems were mainly caused by the old property right system established at the beginning of the new China. Therefore a redesign is in need for a new property right system in the countryside, which can be done in accordance with the general guidelines drawn by the central government about how to establish modern property right system.