黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被恢复类型昆虫群落结构及多样性的研究

Structures and Diversity of Insect Communities under Different Types of Vegetation Rehabilitations of the Hilly and Gully Loess Regions

为探讨黄土高原植被恢复过程中植物与昆虫群落的关系,评价人工植被和自然恢复植被种类搭配的合理性,为退化生态系统的植被恢复提供依据。采用样地调查法,在黄土丘陵沟壑区纸坊沟流域研究比较了不同植被恢复类型昆虫群落组成、结构及多样性的变化。结果表明,2种不同植被恢复类型区昆虫有189种(含蜱螨目),分别隶属13目84科。而不同植被恢复类型昆虫群落的物种数、丰富度、多样性、均匀度及优势度指数值均有明显差异。以20a自然封育植被恢复区昆虫群落的物种数、丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数值均较高,其值分别为160、21.17、1.4914和0.6918。优势度则以人工治理区(0.7251)>自然封育区(0.5845)。说明从人工治理区到自然封育区,随着植被种类增加,昆虫种类相应增加,优势种由突出降至不明显,昆虫群落稳定性提高。

The study was conducted in the loess plateau to explore the relations between plant and insect communities in vegetation rehabilitation and evaluate the rationalities of the combinations of artificial and naturally-regenerating vegetations,thus providing the basis of the vegetation rehabilitation in the degenerated ecosystems.The sample-area survey was carried out to study the components,structures and diversities of insect communities under different kinds of vegetation rehabilitations in the Zifanggou catchments.The results showed that 189 insect species,belonging to 84 families and 13 orders,were found under two different types of vegetation rehabilitations;the insect communities remarkably differed in the number,abundance,diversity,evenness and dominance of their species under the different types of vegetation rehabilitations.In the area of 20-year naturally-enclosed vegetation rehabilitation,the species number,and abundance,diversity,and evenness indexes of the insect communities were high with standing at 160,21.17,1.4914 and 0.6918,while the species dominance was higher (0.7251) in the area of artificial vegetation rehabilitation than that (0.5845) in the area of naturally-enclosed vegetation rehabilitation.These explained that in the transformation of the zones of artificial vegetation rehabilitation to the zones of naturally-enclosed vegetation rehabilitation,the number of insect species increased with increased number of vegetation kinds,the dominant species changing from prominently dominant ones into unclearly dominant ones and the insect communities becoming more stabilized.