氮素对不同类型玉米籽粒氨基酸、蛋白质含量及其组分变化的影响

Effect of Nitrogen on Amino Acid and Protein and Protein Component Contents in the Grains of Different Types of Maize

以普通玉米掖单22和高油玉米高油115为材料,研究了不同供氮条件下玉米籽粒中蛋白质及其组分的含量、清蛋白和球蛋白含量、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量、籽粒氨基酸总量以及氨基酸组分含量的品种差异。结果表明,氮素供应水平对两种类型玉米灌浆期间籽粒蛋白质含量变化作用相同,前期逐渐下降,至成熟期略有升高;籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量变化动态各处理基本一致,两种类型玉米籽粒清蛋白含量随时间的推移逐渐降低,球蛋白含量的变化动态呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在授粉后30d。醇溶蛋白含量均呈“V”型变化,以授粉30d后最低,谷蛋白的含量则均呈上升趋势。氮素供应水平对两种类型玉米籽粒中各蛋白质组分含量的变化的影响作用有所不同,对高油115籽粒中球蛋白含量的影响较小;施氮水平并不改变两种类型玉米籽粒氨基酸总量的变化趋势,但两种类型玉米籽粒中氨基酸组分的含量变化较大。

Yedan 22,a common maize type,and Gaoyou 115,a high-oil maize type,were used to study the protein and protein component,albumin,globin,gliadin and glutelin contents and the total amino acid content and the contents of individual amino acids in the grains of different types of maize at different nitrogen rates.The results showed that the different nitrogen rates made the protein contents in the grains of the two types of maize vary in same manners at the grains-filling stage,gradually declining at early grains-filling stage and beginning to rise up to the maturing stage;the contents of albumen,globin and glutelin in the grains of the two types dynamically varied in same manners at different nitrogen rates,the albumen contents gradually declining with time and the globin contents changing in a single-peak curve with its peak appearing 30 days after pollination.The gliadin contents of both the two types varied in a V-shaped manner with their lowest value appearing 30 days after pollination,while the glutelin contents of both the two types tended to rise.The nitrogen rates affected the contents of protein components in the grains of the two types of maize in different manners,exerting weaker influence on those of Gaoyou 115;by the way,the different nitrogen rates did not affect the tendencies of the total amino acid contents of the two types of maize,but made the contents of individual amino acids in the two types of maize vary within a wide range.