胸主动脉腔内修复扩展近端锚定区的探讨

Strategies for handling the insufficiency of the proximal landing zone during endovascular thoracic aortic repair

目的探讨胸主动脉腔内修复(EVR)近端锚定区不足的两种处理。方法回顾分析近端锚定区<15mm的9例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤(ADA)和1例胸降主动脉瘤(DTAA)患者的治疗经过、结果和并发症。其中DTAA患者和3例ADA患者行辅助性右左颈总动脉、左颈总左锁骨下动脉旁路联合腔内修复(EVR)治疗(联合治疗组),另6例ADA患者直接行EVR,覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口(直接修复组)。结果10例患者都取得技术成功。DTAA病例动脉旁路术后无并发症,EVR术后并发脑梗塞、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、上消化道大出血、肾功能衰竭,第12天死亡。9例ADA患者功能围手术期无与血管有关的并发症。直接修复组中2例术后早期出现头晕,静滴甘露醇4～5d后缓解。9例患者都获随访,随访期3～12个月(平均9个月),未发生神经系统或肢体缺血性并发症,术后3个月CT证实所有病例原发破口封闭,胸主动脉假腔内完全血栓形成,真腔扩大。结论处理胸主动脉EVR近端锚定区不足时,辅助性动脉旁路和直接覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口是可行的,可以拓展EVR在DeBakeyⅢ型ADA和DTAA中的应用。

Objective To discuss two strategies for handling the insufficiency of the proximal landing zone (PLZ) during endovascular thoracic aortic repair. Methods Ten patients underwent endovascular repair (EVR) in the thoracic aorta in one year. Nine patients had DeBakey type Ⅲ aortic dissection aneurysm (ADA), and one had descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTAA). The PLZ, defined as the distance from the origin of the left subclavian artery (LSA) to the primary entry tear of the dissection or the proximal aspect of DTAA, was measured less than 15 mm in all instances by contrast-enhanced CT scan and digital subtraction angiography. The preliminary carotid-carotid and left carotid-subclavian bypass combined with EVR was employed in the DTAA and 3 ADA cases, and the EVR with the intentional coverage of the LSA without the preliminary bypass in the rest 6 ADA patients. Results The technical success was achieved in all instances. The case of DTAA died of the hemispheric cerebral infarction and subsequent multiple system organ failure, albeit the uneventful recovery from the prior cervical reconstruction. Dizziness occurred in 2 patients (ADA) after the EVR with the intentional bypass-absent coverage of the LSA, but noticeably resolved after the intravenous administration of mannitol for 4 to 5 days. No neurological deficits or limb ischemia developed perioperatively or during the follow-up range from 3 to 12 months. And complete thrombosis of the thoracic aortic false lumen and enlargement of the true lumen were revealed on CT at 3 months in all 9 patients with ADA. Conclusions Both the adjunctive surgical bypass and the intentional bypass-absent coverage of the left subclavian artery appear feasible in handling the insufficiency of the proximal landing zone during the endovascular thoracic aortic repair. It can expand the EVR applicability in management of DeBakey type Ⅲ ADAs and DTAAs.