经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术的临床应用

Percutaneous transhepatic catheter embolization for the treatment of esophagogastric varices: clinical application

目的评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术的临床应用价值. 方法肝硬化门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者30例(24例为食管静脉套扎及硬化治疗术后再次出血;6例为消化道出血未行内镜治疗者).电视透视下取右腋中线或剑突下方穿刺进入门静脉分支.用弹簧钢圈、无水乙醇和明胶海绵栓塞食管胃底静脉.2例栓塞后门静脉内留置导管-药盒系统行区域性药物灌注治疗.结果 30例患者胃冠状静脉超选择插管、栓塞全部成功.胃短静脉超选择插管栓塞成功率90%.27例患者术后得到随访,随访2～18个月.17例患者术后胃镜复查显示胃底曲张静脉完全消失者13例,明显改善者4例.2例于栓塞术后1周、2个月再出血,再次栓塞后无再出血.2例门静脉留置药盒行区域性中西药物灌注者治疗后门静脉压力分别下降10 cm H2O(1 cm H2O ＝ 0.098 kPa) 和8 cm H2O.结论经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术创伤小、止血效果肯定,在急诊止血方面更具优势,应该成为门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的常规治疗方法之一.经留置药盒行门静脉区域性中西药物灌注治疗肝硬化值得进一步探讨.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic catheter embolization for the treatment of esophagogastric varices. Methods 30 patients of liver cirrhosis with esophagogastric varices were included this study. Of the 30 patients, 24 suffered from rebleeding after two days to three months of endoscopic legation and sclerotherapy, another 6 patients had no history of endoscopic treatment. All interventional procedures were performed under guiding of fluoroscopy. The catheter was inserted into right or left branches of portal vein by percutaneous puncture. Esophageal and/or gastric varices were embolized with stainless steel coils, ethanol and glutin. Port-catheter system was planted and regional drug infusion into portal vein system was done in two patients after embolization. Results Catheter insertion and embolization of gastric coronal veins were completed in all 30 patients. The success rate of gastric short veins catheterization and embolization was 90%. 27 patients were followed up for 2—18 months. Endoscopic examination was performed in 17 patients and showed that gastric fundal varices were disappeared in 13 patients and alleviated evidently in 4. Rebleeding were occurred in 2 patients after 2 weeks and 2 months, respectively, and the same procedures were performed again and no rebleeding happened in follow-up. The pressure of portal vein declined 10 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa) and 8 cm H2O respectively in two patients with portal drug infusion treatment. Conclusion Percutaneous transhepatic catheter embolization is a safe, micro-invasive and effective method for the treatment of esophagogastric varices , it should be used as the first choice in treating patients with acute varices hemorrhage. Further investigation of portal vein drug infusion treatment via port-catheter system is needed.