毒物在我国古代军事上的应用

Application of Toxic Substances in Ancient Chinese Army

我国使用毒物作为武器的记载，始于春秋战国时代，如公元前６７７年遂人投药于水中以逐齐军。在冷兵器时代，除用毒烟以防敌突城穿穴外，还将毒物涂敷在刀矛剑戟及箭头上。如西晋陈延之《小品方》、刘宋《刘涓子鬼遗方》及元《金疮秘传禁方》均载有治箭毒方。对自然界的毒害一直为兵家所重视。唐《太白阴经》、宋《虎钤经》及《武经总要》等均注意营地的选择、水土的美恶、水源的清洁及改善等，并提出行军近敌地，大将应发出防毒号令。

Application of toxic substances as a weapon began in the Spring-Autumn Period.In 677 B.C.the people of Sui dropped poisons into water to expel army from Qi State.During the period of cold weapon in addition to toxic fumigation,poisons were also spread on spears,swords and arrows.Recipes for anti-toxic arrows were recorded in Chen Yanzhi's Xiao-pin-fang of the Western Jin Dynasty.Liu Juan-zi's Gui-Yi-fang of the Liu-Song Dynasty,Jin-chuang-mi-chuan-jin-fin-fang of the Yuan Dynasty.As a rule.toxication through natural sources were emphasized as described in Tai-bai-yin-jing of the Tang Dynasty,etc,including selection of camping sites,quality of water supply.It was also mentioned that the general of an army should despatch order for antitoxicity during travelling.