我国视力残疾致残因素分析及预防措施

Analysis of Factors Causiug Visual Disability and Its Preventive Measures in China

分析１９８７年全国视力残疾人抽样调查资料，结果显示：我国视力残疾现残率为１０．０８‰；０～１４岁儿童组人群的主要致残因素是先天遗传、屈光不正／弱视、角膜病；６０及６０岁以上老年人群为老年性白内障、沙眼和角膜病；其他人群依次为屈光不正／弱视、白内障和角膜病；青光眼和外伤是导致严重视力残疾的主要原因。作者建议对视力残疾实行三级预防措施，其中关键是一级预防。其重点是开展遗传咨询和孕期保健工作，预防眼部感染和外伤，并积极治疗原发病（如糖尿病）。

nalysis of sampling data from Chinese people in 1987 showed prevalence of visual disability was10.08/1000.Major factors causing visual disability were congenital or hereditary defects,ametropia,amblyopia and corneal disease in children aged 0 14 years;senile cataract,trachoma and corneal dis-ease in the elderly people aged 60 and over;and ametropia,amblyopia,cataract and corneal disease in the other people. Glaucoma and eye trauma were two major causes leading to severe visual disability.Suggestion of three-level prevention for visual disability in the country was put forward by the authors with focus on primary prevention,including genetic counselling and heaIth care in pregnancy,prevent-ing from eye infection and trauma,and active treatment of primary diseases,such as diabetes.