光温湿因子对三种果实蝇种群生殖力影响的比较研究

Comparison of the Impact of Temperature Humidity and Photoperiod on the Population Reproductivity of Three Fruit Flies

本文研究（ａ）稳定的温度和相对湿度（２５℃，ＲＨ７５％～９５％），不同光周期（Ｌ：Ｄ＝８：１８～１６：８）的条件和（ｂ）周期性变化的温度、相对湿度和不同光周期下（２０～２５℃，ＲＨ７５％～７５％，Ｌ：Ｄ＝１０：１４；２５～３２℃，ＲＨ７５％～９５％，Ｌ：Ｄ＝１４：１０）对瓜实蝇Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｅ南瓜实蝇Ｂ．ｔａｕ和桔小实蝇Ｂ．ｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ种群生殖力的影响，结果表明，中长期光照对三种实蝇的种群增殖稍为有利，短光周期对南瓜实蝇种群的增殖不利。不论是在稳定的温度和相对湿度，不同光周期条件下，或在周期性变化的温度和相对湿度，稳定的光周期条件下，３种实蝇的生殖期长，产卵量大，世代重迭，而桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇的产卵较集中，在２０～２５℃周期性变动的条件下，５０％Σｌ＿ｘｍ＿ｘ在成虫开始产卵后６饲左右，瓜实蝇则要１３０～１４０ｄ；在２５～３２℃，桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇的５０％Σｌ＿ｘｍ＿ｘ为４０ｄ，而瓜实蝇要７０ｄ，桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇的种群增殖速度快，种群在短时间内能迅速形成增殖高峰，是典型的ｒ生态对策，瓜实蝇的产卵前期较长，产卵期长，卵几乎均匀分布于产卵过程，属于偏ｒ生态对策。

Comparative study of the population reproductivity of three fruit flies melon fruit flyBactrpcera cucurbotae, oriental fruit fly B,dorsalis and pumpking fruit fly B. tau under differentphotoperiods(L:D= 16 :8～8:16)with constant temperature(25℃)and fluctuating relativehumidity(75%～95%)and under cyclical fluctuating temperatures , relative humidity and stablephotoperiods(20～25℃,L:D=4: 10,RH75%～95%125～32℃,75%～95%,L:D=10:14)were conducted.The results showed that middle and long photoperiods were favorable to the reproduction ofthree fruit flies.Short photoperionds were less favorable, By compared the population parame-ters,either under the circumstances of various photoperifor with constant temperature and fluctu-ating relative humidity or under cyclical fluetuating temperatures and relative humidity with con-stant photoperiod , all of three fruit flies had longer ovipositional period,large numbers of eggand overlapping generation. In the cyclical fluctuating condition of 20～25℃,50% Σlxm_x ofB. tau and B. dorsalis was distributed within 60 days after adult emergence, but 50% Σl_xm_x of B. cucurbitae was 130days;in 25～32℃,50%Σl_xm_x of B. tau and B. dorsalis was 40 days,B.cucurbitae's was 70 days. The population density increase of both B. tau and B. dorsalis was morequiker than that of B. cucurbitae,B. dorsalis and B. tau are recognizied as more typical r-repro-ductive strategy than B. cucurbitae does.