中国台风灾害及其影响的研究

STUDY OF TYPHOON DISASTERS AND ITS AFFECTS IN CHINA

中国是世界上受热带气旋影响最严重的国家之一。本文对影响和登陆中国的热带气旋活动的特征、台风灾害特点及其形成规律作了分析,并讨论了台风灾害对中国社会和经济发展的影响。分析结果指出,影响中国的台风灾害具有发生频率高、突发性强、群发性显著、影响范围广、成灾强度大等特点,这类灾害主要由台风带来的狂风、暴雨、风暴潮及其引发的灾害链所造成。台风灾害不仅造成大批人员伤亡,而且对中国各个经济部门都有严重影响,它所造成的直接经济损失有逐年增加的趋势,进入90年代以来,平均每年损失达100亿元以上。

China is one of the countries which were affected very seriously by typhoons over the world. In this paper, the active characteristic of tropical cyclones affected and landed over China, the special features of typhoon disasters and related formation laws have been studied with mainly focused attention on the effecting of typhoon disasters on Chinese society and economic development. The study reveals that typhoon disasters affected China are of the characteristics of high frequency in occurrane, violent in suddenly occurring, remarkable in chain effections. wide scope in affecting and severe intensities in disasters. This type of disaster was caused by huge gales, rainstorms, storm surges and related flooding, oceanic and geological disasters. Typhoon disasters exert severe affections on every economic departments in China, and since 1990, the average direct economic loss caused by typhoon disasters totalled up to over 10 billion yuan RMB per year in the whole country.