花药培养在小麦耐盐育种上的应用研究

Studies on the Application of Anther Culture in Salt-tolerance Breeding in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

在小麦花药培养中,采用加入一定浓度NaCl（0.1％、0.3％、0.5％）的筛选培养基,用恒定浓度筛选法和逐渐增加浓度筛选法,可筛选出耐盐变异体,获得耐盐花培株系。两种筛选方法比较,逐渐增加浓度筛选法可以明显提高筛选效率。经5个有性世代的鉴定表明,耐盐变异体的耐盐特性可以稳定遗传给后代。经筛选的花培株系中,耐盐特性能够稳定遗传的株系比例约占1/4。在育种实践中,经多点试验鉴定,已选育出一批有实用价值的优良品系和种质材料。

With anther culture technique, salt-tolerant variants and lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were obtained by adding different concentrations of NaCl into the medium C17 (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%). Anthers of 9 F1 combinations were cultured on the media with constant NaCl concentrations and gradually increasing NaCl concentration. The results showed that the latter was a more effective method for obtaining salt-tolerance variants. The suitable concentration for screening variant is 0.3% and 0.5%. According to the results identified through 5 generations, salt-tolerance about 25percent of the variants could be stably inherited into their progenies. Many salt-tolerance germplasm and promising lines that can used in wheat breeding and production have been obtained by this method. Thus opening a new approach for breeding for salt-tolerance cultivars in theat as well as other crops.