外源DNA导入小麦后的变异系生物学特性及胚乳蛋白的研究

Studies on Biological Characters and Endosperm Protein of Variation Lines Obtained by Introducing Exogenous DNA into Wheat

应用受粉后的花粉管通道将C_4作物高粱DNA和抗逆性强的长穗偃麦草DNA导入小麦,结果在不同组合中出现了不同类型的广泛变异,在三个组合中已选育出几个稳定遗传的优良变异系,其生物学性状大多是介于原受体和供体之间.主要特性是叶功能期延长,籽粒千粒重和单株粒重增加,增产显著,抗锈病能力增强等;其胚乳蛋白电泳图谱发生了明显变化,在变异系中产生了新的蛋白质组分,而且A区和B区增加的是蛋白质群,相反原受体68-73-20-3中W_2和D蛋白质组分在变异系89108-10中消失,还有蛋白质组分迁移率发生改变等.进一步分析表明.蛋白质组分变异除少量是来自供体外,大量是小麦系谱中原有蛋白质组分的增减变化.由此推测,外源DNA导入后受体后代发生广泛变异的机理可能是供体基因转移和外源DNA片段“重组插入”效应共同作用的结果.

DNA of sorghum and DNA of long ear Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski with strong stress resistance were introduced into wheat through the pollen tube pathway after self pollination. A great range of different kinds of variation occured in the progenies of receptors, and several good variation lines with stabilized heridity were obtaied from some combinations. The biological characters of these variation lines are mostly between the receptor and the donor. The major features are prolongation of growth period, the seed weight per plant and yield per unit area in-creased and the rust resistance strengthen. For components of endosperm protein of the new lines by single and two dimensional gel electrophoresis, besides the minor are from the product of donor, the major are original protein components in pedigree of wheat, It is assumed that the mecha-nism for variation of the receptor caused by exogenous DNA may be the combined effects of the donor gene transference and the exogenous DNA fragment 'recombination insert'.