水稻成穗率与群体质量的关系及其影响因素的研究

Relationship between Earbearing Tiller Percentage and Population Quality and Its Influential Factors in Rice

在基本苗相同的情况下,通过不同肥料和搁田处理,造成适宜穗数相近、成穗率不同的群体,结果如下:在适宜穗数范围内,成穗率与抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量、总颖花量、粒叶比、有效及高效叶面积率、抽穗期单茎茎鞘重、顶三叶比叶重均呈极显著的正相关;成穗率与抽穗期后叶面积下降速度呈极显著的负相关.在合理群体下,稳定穗数,提高成穗率,有利于改善冠层结构和群体质量,改善中后期群体光照条件,延长功能叶片寿命,提高抽穗后群体光合效率,获取高产.从栽培措施看,提早搁田均有利于提高茎蘖成穗率,但不同的肥料运筹水平间存在差异,当基蘖肥所占比例较大时,搁田宜更早,反之宜推迟.

Rice populations with different earbearing tiller percentage and approximate panicle number were established by different nitrogen supply and drying field date to the same ini-tial population. The results were as follows:Within the scope of proper ear number, the earbearing tilleriing percentage was significantly positively correlated with the dry matter production after heading, the total spikelets, the grain-leaf ratio, the effecient and high efficient LAI, the single stem-sheath weight at heading and the specific leaf weight, respectively; and was negatively related to the deminishing rate of leaf area afterheading. For a resonable population, raising the earbearing tiller percentage is favourable to the improvement of the canopy structure and quality, the light destribution in population before and after heading stage, the prolongation of the functioning leaf life and the elevation of photosynthetic rate to get higher yield.Drying field earlier was favourable to earbearing tiller percentage, but varied with the fertiliz-er application. It was recommanded that the larger ratio of base-tillering fertilizer, the earlier drying field should begin, on the contrary, the later.