茶树愈伤组织继代培养与体细胞胚发生

Callus Subculture and Somatic Embryogenesis in Tea Plant

利用添加不同种类、浓度的1/2MS修改培养基;B_5培养基交叉培养茶树(Camellia sinensis L.)愈伤组织,有利于延长愈伤组织继代培养时间,并维持胚性愈伤组织高的体细胞胚分化能力.不同品种的胚性愈伤组织体细胞胚分化率存在明显差异.试管苗茎胚性愈伤组织分化率高于大田栽培的成龄茶树叶柄胚性愈伤组织.胚性愈伤组织随着继代培养时间的延长,体细胞胚分化率随之有所下降.胚性愈伤组织在继代培养过程中,醋酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶同工酶带丢失与分化能力丧失十分吻合.凡具有试管苗的过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶同工酶酶带的愈伤组织,都具备体细胞胚分化的能力.

The relationship among mediums isozymes and embryogenic callus in Camellia sinensis L. was studied. The results could be shown as follows. (1) The inducement frequency of somatic embryoids decreases with increasing the time of subculture. The somatic embryogenesis frequency on the stem calluses of tube seedling are higher than that on the calluses of petiole got from the tea garden. It was found that the culture time of embryogenic callus subcultured alternately on medium A. B and D could be longer than that on only one kind of mediums. (2) Differentiation of embryogenic callus is related to isozymes of esterase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Some isozymes bands disappered in that embryogenic callus which losed ability of differentiation. Generally, the embryogenic callus with isozyme bands of polyphenol oxiase and peroxidase in the tube seedlings keep the ability of differentiation.