陆地棉86-1(G.hirsutum L.)与辣根棉(G. armourianum Kearn.)种间杂种及其利用的研究

Studies on the Interspecific Hybrid of Gossypium hirsutum Cultivar 86-1 × G. armourianum and Its Use in Breeding

陆地棉品种86-1 G.hirsutum L.×辣根棉C.armourianum Kearn.F_1染色体2n=3x=39,平均染色体构型为14.051+12.45Ⅱ+0.01Ⅲ。F_1直接与陆地棉回交,得到的BC_1F_1是一株混倍体(mixploid),其染色体为54—67个,其中2n=65的整倍体(euploid)只占15.7％,非整倍体(aneuploid)占82.8％,平均2n=61,平均染色体构型为7.741+25.83Ⅱ+0.45Ⅲ+0.06Ⅳ+0V+0.01Ⅵ。又以BC_1F_1为母本,与陆地棉二次回交,BC_2F_1苗期夭折;而以陆地棉为母本、BC_1F_1为父本回交的BC_2F_1生长健壮,有些辣根棉性状继续传递。通过多年选育已获得一些结铃性强、中长绒纤维高品质、高衣分的新材料。

Hybrid seeds were easily obtained from the cross of G. hirsutum cultivar 86-1with G. armourianum. Many characteristics of the F1 plants were like those of G. armourianum, including the dark green and brilliant hairless leaves, the funnel-shaped cordla, the purple spot at the base of petals, the pink staminal tube and filament, and the yellow anthers.It was also rather easy to backcross the hybrid F1 with G. hirsutum, bearing round bolls instead of crooked and tapering ones as in the case of G. hirsutum× G. arboreum. The BC1F1 had colours of leaf and flower organs still similar to G. armourianum, and produced seeds when backcrossed again with G. hirsutum reciprocally. When BC1F1Was used as the maternal plant and G. hirsutum the paternal in the backcross, low fertility resulted and the BC2F1 seedlings of low resistance to adversities all died early. On the contrary, when G. hirsutum was used as the maternal and BC2F1 the paternal, the fertility was high and the BC2F1 seedlings grew vigorously. Some characteristics of G. armourianum were further delivered to the BC2F1 generation, such as the smooth stem and leaf and the light purple spotted petal in some plants.The chromosome number of the F1 plant was 2n = 3x = 39, and the average chromosome configuration was 14.05Ⅰ +12.45Ⅱ +0.01 Ⅲ. The BC1F1 plant was a mixploid, having chromosome numbers from 54-67, of which 15.7% was eupliod (65 chromosomes) and 82.8% aneuploid. Its average chromosome number was 2n = 5x-4 = 61, and its average chromosome configuration was 7.74 Ⅰ+25.83Ⅱ+0.45Ⅲ+0.06Ⅳ+0.01Ⅵ.On the basis of this hybridization, a BC2F5 line and BC2F3 line with high fibre quality and high lint percent have been derived.