陆地棉种子性状直接效应和母体效应的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis on Direct and Maternal Effects of Seed Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法,分析了陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.) 5个品种及其配制的F_1、F_2和正反回交一代（BC_1;、BC_2、RBC_1和RBC_2）世代籽指、种仁率、容重和油分4个种子性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明,4个棉子性状的遗传均以母体效应为主,种子直接遗传效应作用较小。各性状的直接效应与母体效应的协方差不显著。通过母体植株的遗传表现对这些性状选择更为有效。可以根据籽指小和容重大等性状母体植株的遗传表现间接选择高油分材料。母体加性效应大的亲本,其杂种后代的母体加性效应总值一般也较大。

Five cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) parents and their F1s, F2s, BC1; BC2, RBC1 and RBC2 were analyzed by genetic model for diploid plant seeds with MINQUE(0/1) approaches. The estimates of genetic variance components indicated that maternal genetic effects were more important than direct effects for cotton seed index, kernel percentage, seed density and seed oil percentage, respectively. Direct dominance variance component was significant for kernel percentage and seed density but not for other two seed traits. Covarianaces between direct and maternal effects were small and not significant. Highly signifficant variances were detected for cytoplasmic effects of seed density and seed-oil percentage. Cotton varieties could be developed for these seed traits by direct selection based on maternal plants. Genetic material with high oil content could also be developed by indirect selection for small seed index and large seed density based on maternal plants. The larger the values of the maternal additive effects were, the higher the total values of the maternal additive effects in hybrids were.