摘要
本文主要论述亚麻、胡麻、大麻纤维的结构、性能及化学处理后的变化。采用X—射线衍射法、红外光谱法、密度、双折射等方法,作了系统的测试分析,并对亚麻纤维化学处理后的结构性能变化作了分析。碱处理后,纤维的结晶度、取向度、密度、机械物理性能均有变化。碱处理浓度低于50g/l时,这种变化较小,碱浓度在50～160g/l范围内时,纤维的取向度、结晶度、密度、强度均有明显下降。但吸湿性和断裂伸长率有明显增加。NaOH的浓度高于上述范围时,各种指标变化又较小。纤维经不同有效氯浓度的NaClO处理后,微细结构和机械物理性能亦均有变化,但变化幅度比NaOH处理为小。本文采用数学方法结合计算机对纤维的X—射线衍射图进行分峰处理,得出纤维的结晶度及纤维素Ⅱ含量,以及化学处理后纤维的上述指标含量。碱处理后产生了纤维素Ⅱ,但纤维Ⅰ并不能全部转化为纤维素Ⅱ,甚至在高浓度的NaOH处理的条件下亦不能完全转化。NaClO处理后纤维素的结晶类型没有发生改变,没有产生纤维素Ⅱ结构变体。碱处理后,纤维无定型部分密度下降,非晶取向因子的变化比晶区取向因子显著,说明碱处理对纤维无定部分的影响较大。分析亚麻纤维的机械物理性能的数据,认为碱处理纤维的结晶度无定形区取向度对纤维的吸湿、强度,伸长率有密切关系。
This paper describes the Micro-structure,physical,chemical properties offlax,hemp,oil flax and the influence of chemical treatment on the structure and properties.The fibre structue is measured by means of X-ray diffraction,infrared spectrum ,birefringence,density, etc. The chemical treatments include different concentrations of caustic soda and available chaloritc chemical effect on flax fibre.After treated with caustic soda, the crytallinity ,Orjentatin,density, mcchanicaland physical properties of flax fibre are changed. The changes are unmarkablc below 50g/l NaOH, when the concentration of NaOH between 50-160g/l,the Orientation、crys tallinity,density and tenacity of flax fibre arc drop markedly,but the moisture absorption and the elongation at breaking incrcascd sharply. At the high concentration of NaOH treament,the changes of various indexes are slowly.After treated with sodium hypochloritc chemical the Micro-structure,mechanial and physical properties of flax fibre are changed,too,but the range of changing is smaller than which caustic soda treatment.
