利用幼穗愈伤组织筛选小麦抗赤霉病菌毒素体细胞突变体的研究

SCREENING SCAB RESISTANT MUTANTS YOUNG INFLORESCENCE CULTURE OF WHEAT

以不同小麦品种（系）幼穗诱导的愈伤组织进行小麦抗赤霉病体细胞突变体筛选。结果表明，不同赤霉病抗性的品种（系）对赤霉菌毒素表现不同的反应，抗性品种愈伤组织生长受毒素抑制小，感病品种愈伤组织受毒素抑制强烈；筛选出了赤霉病菌毒素加入的最适浓度为２％（Ｖ／Ｖ），在该浓度下可筛选出抗性突变体；获得了咸农１５１、陕１６７、陕２２９等品种（系）的赤霉病菌毒素抗性体细胞无性系再生植株，再生植株田间人工接种鉴定表现出中或高抗赤霉病。

Callus induced from young inflorescence of different wheat varieties were used as objects forwheet selection , crude toxinic extracts from scab pathogen(Fusarium graminearum schwebe)was usedas selective inoculum to add to selective medium,Selections of scab resistant mutants of wheat were con-ducted on differentiation medium,The results showed that different responses were found among vari-eties with different scab resistant levels ,callus derived from sus ceptible varieties were inhibited moregreatly by crude toxin than resistant ones. The optimum concentration for addtion of crude toxin is2%。4 somatic cell mutants of wheat resistant to scab were screemed ,they are Shaan 167MR-1,Xian-nong 151MR-1, Xiannong 151R-1 and Shaan 229 MR-1 ,these regenerated mutant plants showeda high or moderate resistance to wheat scab pathogen when artificially inoculated in the field in 1993.But their resistant stability is worth of further study.