甲醛熏蒸消毒多因素影响作用的研究

STUDY ON THE ACTION OF THE MULTIPLE FACTORS INFLUENCING DISINFECTION EFFICACY OF FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION

甲醛气体因具有杀菌谱广,使用方便和价格低廉等优点,已广泛用于医院中忌热忌湿物品的熏蒸消毒处理。然而,像其他气体消毒剂一样,甲醛熏蒸消毒的效果亦易受污染微生物的种类、现场温湿度条件、处理物品的性质和消毒剂的使用剂量等诸多因素的影响。半个世纪以来,国外许多学者对这些因素在单独作用时的影响情况进行了研究。本文旨在应用用正交试验设计,观察上述因素同时作用时的影响情况。

The action of the multiple factors influencing bactericidal effect of formaldehyde fumigation was studied according to the orthogonal design of L_(27)(3^(13)). The results showed that the highest concentration of depolymerized formaldehyde in the fumigator and the best germicidal effect were obtained when paraformaldehyde, potassium permanganate and water were in the proportion of 1: 1.3: 1.6. The concentration of formaldehyde in the fumigator was directly proportional to the concentration of paraformaldehyde used and temperature, and inversely proportional to time and relative humidity. The germicidal efficacy was directly proportional to the fumigation dose, temperature and relative humidity, and inversely proportional to quantity of serum in the spore suspension. The rough surface of material to be disinfected retained more formaldehyde gas and the spores on it were easily killed; conversely, the smooth surface of material retained less formaldehyde gas and the spores on it were difficult to be killed. It was considered that the concentration of paraformaldehyde used, time, temperature and relative humidity were the important factors influencing the disinfection efficacy of formaldehyde fumigation.