松毛虫赤眼蜂与白跗平腹小蜂研究

Study on Trichogramma dendrolimi and Anastatus olbitarsis

松毛虫赤眼蜂（ＴｒｉｃｈｏｇｒａｍｍａｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｉＭａｔｓｕｍｕｒａ）、白跗平腹小蜂（Ａｎａｓｔａｔｕｓａｌｂｉ－ｔａｌｓｉｓＡｓｈｍｅａｄ）是多种农林作物害虫的重要寄生蜂。松毛虫赤眼蜂在浙江于３月下旬开始羽化，１０月上旬至１１月以蛹在第３代松毛虫（ＤｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｐｕｎｃｔａｔｕｓＷａｌｋｅｒ）和柳杉毛虫（Ｄ．ｌａｆｌｐｅｎｕｉｓＷａｌｋｅｒ）的卵中越冬，自然温度下全年经历１７～１９世代，用松毛虫做中间寄主，发育起点温度６．０２±０．５１℃，有效积温２１２．０６℃ｄ，在２０～２１℃下，成蜂寿命５～１０ｄ，每雌蜂一生平均产卵７６．５粒，在年周期活动中该蜂种群出现２～３个高峰，影响该蜂种群消长的主要因子为林间昆虫卵的数量、卵期以及蜜源植物种类、花期和林间极端温度，该蜂在林间水平扩散距离最远达８４．５ｍ，对松毛虫卵的自然寄生率为３７．６５％，人工释放时对松毛虫卵的寄生率可达８９．８％。白跗平腹小蜂在浙江于４月中、下旬开始活动，９月下旬至１０月，以老熟幼虫在柳杉毛虫、松毛虫等卵中越冬，自然温度下全年经历６～７世代，用柞蚕剖腹卵做中间寄主，发育起点温度１０．８７±０．４６℃，有效积温３１３．８７℃ｄ，?

Trichogramma dendrolimi and Anastatus olbitarsis are main hymenopterous parasites of many agricultural and forestry crops. T. dendrolimi begins to emerge at the last ten days of March in Zhejiang, overwinters in the third generation of D. punctatus and eggs of D.latipenuis with nymph. It has 17～19 generations in one year with D. punctatus as intermediate host. Development temperature is 6. 02± 0. 51℃, 212. 06℃ d for effective accumulated temperature.Under 20～21 ℃, adult T. dendrolimi lifetime is 5～10 days. Every female T. dendrolimi deposits meanly 76.5 eggs. Main factors to influence population are insect eggs quantity in the forest,egg period, species and floWer period of bee plant,extreme temperature in the forest. Horizontal dispersion distance in the forest can reache 84.5m. Natural parasite rate in D. Punctatus eggs is 37.65%, 89.8% when artificial release is carried out. A. albftarsis has 6～7 generations in one year under natural temperature, overwlnted in eggs of D. latipenufs. D. punctatns, etc. With adult larva. Antheraea pernyi is as intermediate host. Development temperature is 10. 87 ±0. 46℃,313. 87℃d for effective accumulated temperature. Under 13～18℃. adult A. albitarsis lifetime reaches 57 days. Natural parasite rate in eggs of D. punctatus is nearly 22.29%, and 23.45% in that of D. latipenuis. Horizontal dispersion distance in the forest can reach 32.6m. Intermediate hosts of T. dendrolimi and A. albitarsis in Zhejiang have over 50 species and can mass-propagate artificially.