运动对妇女月经功能的影响综述

Effects of Exercise on Menstrual Function

许多年轻运动员比一般体力活动较少的少女的月经初潮要晚，这种现象在那些要求高能量消耗和低体重的运动项目中尤为普遍。这种现象的生理学机制还不十分清楚。有一种假说认为，高能量的训练消耗，使某些运动员不能获得充足的体重和脂肪以开始月经。另一假说认为，与月经初潮较晚有关的身体特征将有助于运动。因此运动员中所观察到的月经初潮较晚的现象只是一种自然选择的结果，不管是由于哪种原因引起的，月经初潮较晚似乎都和高水平运动能力有关。大强度训练对某些妇女月经功能有不利的影响。目前，这些月经失调的病因还不清楚，但许多有关的因素已被证实。

Many young athletes experience menarche at a later age than less active girls. Thisappears to be particularly prevalent in sports that require high energy and low body weight. Athough no physiological mechanism for this phenomenon has yet been found, one hypothesis is that the high energy demand of vlgorous training prevents some girls from gaining sufficient body weight or fat tocommence menstruation. Another hypothesis is that a later age at menarche is associated with bodycharacteristics that favor athletic performance and that the observed later age at menarche in athletes issimply a matter of natural selection. Whether caused by physical training or merely an observational artifact, a later menarche appears to be associated with superior performance.In some women,menstrual function appcars to be adversely affected by strenuous training.At thistime,the pathogenesis of these menstrual irreguarities remains unknown. but many related factors havebeen identified.